By David Steenblock, M.S., D.O.
Dr. Steenblock's Clinic, Mission Viejo, CA

Introduction

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a synthetic amino acid that chelates (to "claw" or grab) with metals and carries them safely out of the body. It was first used in the 1940's for the treatment of heavy metal poisoning. EDTA is on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's "GRAS" list (Generally Recognized As Safe) and used as a preservative in many of our processed foods. Metals such as copper, zinc, iron, etc. are usually bound to proteins in living organisms. This binding prevents the metals from generating free radicals. When food is disrupted in processing or from aging, the protein binding is also disrupted. The free metals then magnetically attract electrons from other atoms. These atoms then become free radicals that attract electrons from other atoms. This process then becomes a chain reaction of destruction. The result is food that "spoils" or becomes rancid. Similar free radical chain reactions occur in our bodies when metal binding is disrupted and we call the process disease and aging.

ETDA binds with free metals. It reduces the production of oxygen free radical molecules and prevents a subsequent destructive chain reaction with other atoms and molecules. EDTA chelation is endorsed for the treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease by the American College for Advancement in Medicine (ACAM), comprising of 750 licensed physicians. Its proponents claim that EDTA consistently improves blood flow and relieves symptoms associated with atherosclerosis in over 80% of the patients treated.

In early studies, it was observed that patients being treated for acute lead intoxication with EDTA and who had cardiovascular disease showed improved stress tolerance and less chest pain with physical exertion. In 1956 Norman Clarke published an article in the American Journal of Medical Science on the successful treatment of patients with severe angina pectoris through the use of EDTA.

In 1988, Olszewer and Carter reported on the treatment of 2870 patients with EDTA chelation therapy. Over 93% of the patients who suffered from narrowed coronary arteries showed good to excellent improvement. 97% of those with narrowed leg arteries showed improvement and 60% of patients with narrowed brain arteries showed increased circulation from EDTA chelation.

More than one million patients have received over twenty million infusions. No significant adverse affects have been reported when the ACAM protocol has been followed. Early reports of renal injury and more recent adverse effects resulted from excessive doses being given (greater than 50 mg/Kg/day), from given faster infusions (less than three hours) and from failing to replace calcium, magnesium and other nutrients that are recommended in the ACAM protocol.

The benefits of EDTA Chelation are proposed to include:

1. Binds with calcium ions in arterial walls and plaque. With a decrease in the extracellular quantities of calcium, the arterial wall become more compliant, less rigid and more elastic. This results in a greater delivery of blood to each of the body's organs, if the arterial compliance had been previously compromised.

2. Binds with extracellular calcium (outside the cell) which induces calcium withdrawal from inside injured artery wall cells. With the removal of calcium, the cell is better able to resume energy production, waste removal and normal function.

3. Binds with heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, aluminum, uranium, etc. These metals block enzyme activity and their removal helps restore enzyme functions within the arterial walls.

4. Binds with iron and copper ions, transition metals that promote free radical reactions. By removing these metal ions, EDTA chelation slows or stops free radical damage. This includes reductions in lipid peroxidation and oxidized cholesterol.

5. EDTA has an "anti-sticky" effect on blood platelets. Lipid peroxides and free radicals inhibit the synthesis of prostacyclin. Reducing these influences helps to normalize the balance between prostacyclin levels and thromboxane, and reduce the risk of "sticky" platelets and blood clots that can block an artery.

6. EDTA has a membrane fluidizing effect on erythrocytes, making them more flexible and better able to maneuver through small capillaries. This results in improved tissue oxygenation.

7. EDTA uncouples disulfide and mineral cross-links, enabling greater flexibility in connective tissue.

8. EDTA may inhibit NF kappa B which plays a pivotal role in programmed cell death.

9. EDTA's chelation of zinc and copper may reverse the cortical deposition of amyloid beta involved in Alzheimer's Disease.

In summary, the arteries become hardened and non-elastic as atherosclerosis develops. EDTA chelation therapy "softens" these hardened arteries by reducing the collagen and elastin cross linkages by removing the metals that are generating the cross-linking free radicals.

The claimed and reported results of these effects include:

a.) Improved circulation
b.) Reduction of liver produced cholesterol
c.) Lowered insulin requirements in diabetics
d.) Reduced high blood pressure
e.) Normalization of cardiac arrhythmias
f.) Relief from leg muscle cramps
g.) Normalized weight
h.) Improved psychological and emotional status
i.) Enhanced sensory performance
j.) Fewer excessive heart contractions
k.) Lessened varicose vein pigmentation
l.) Lightened age spots
m.) fewer arthritic aches and pains
n.) less reliance on pain medication
o.) Hair loss stopped and reversed
p.) Reversal of impotence
q.) Alzheimer symptoms ameliorated or reversed
r.) Reduced need for diuretics
s.) Cold extremities warmed
t.) Chronic fatigue syndrome overcome
u.) Memory and concentration improved
v.) Cataract vision loss restored
w.) Skin, hair, nail improvement

Contraindications include:

1. Renal Failure
2. Malignant Disease
3. Congestive Heart Failure
4. History of parathyroid disease or surgery and/or hypocalemia
5. Tuberculosis
6. Pregnancy
7. History of severe bleeding from previous injury, surgery or dental extractions
8. Medications: Coumadin, Ticlid, Plavix.

The Protocol for Mixing EDTA Bottles is as follows.

In Sterile Water: add the following:

1. EDTA - up to 20 ml (3 grams)
2. Sodium Bicarbonate, 50 mEq/50 ml - 20 ml
3. Vitamin C, 6 ml, 500 mg/ml, 3.0 gm.
4. Mg Chloride, 2 grams - 10 cc
5. Heparin, 0.25 ml, 10,000 u.ml = 5000 units
6. Folic Acid, 0.25 ml, 10 mg/ml = 2.5 mg
7. Pyridoxine, 1 ml, 100 mg/ml = 100 mg
8. Hydroxycobalamin, 1 ml, 1000 mcg/ml - 1000 mcg
9. B-Complex - 100, 1 ml
10. Lidocaine HCL, for IV infusion, 2%, 20 mg/ml - 5 ml = 100 mg

Let's look at each of these components more closely.

1. EDTA - reduces collagen and elastin cross linking

2. Sodium Bicarbonate - helps balance the pH

3. Vitamin C

• precursor of collagen; increases the healing rates of wounds
• improves immune function
• moderate amounts can reduce vascular thrombosis
• an antioxidant, reduces oxidative stress
• improves physical endurance
• inhibits LDL cholesterol
• lowers blood concentrations of lead
• improves endothelial function (blood vessel wall cells)

4. Magnesium

• Involved in over 300 enzyme systems
• Required for protein and carbohydrate metabolism
• Involved in nerve and muscle electrical potentials and transmitting impulses across
• Intravenous administration can be helpful for atrial tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia
• Can reduce angina attacks in patients with coronary artery disease
• Can decrease LDL and total cholesterol and increase HDL
• Plays a role in blood pressure regulation

5. Heparin

• enhances circulating lipoprotein lipase activity
• has antioxidant effects
• prevents endothelial injury and dysfunction
• enhances protective activity of vascular nitric oxide
• inhibits harmful endothelin effects
• inhibits chronic inflammatory damaging actions
• inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration
• inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme and thus blocked harmful effects of an overactive rennin-angiotensin system
• tigates the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptor (RAGE).

6. Folic Acid

• Promotes metabolism of homocysteine, reducing hyperhomocysteinemia (injures blood vessel walls) when given with vitamin B12 and pyridoxine. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for coronary, cerebral and peripheral atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
• Important in the methylation of DNA, promotes genetic stability (reduces chromosome breaks and risk of cancer)

7. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

• Required for metabolism of methionine and trans-sulfuration of homocysteine, reducing hyperhomocysteinemia (injures blood vessel walls) when given with vitamin B12 and folic acid.
• Required for amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
• Required for serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine metabolism
• Required for metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids
• Required for the synthesis of heme in hemoglobin
• Has some antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity

8. Hydroxycobalamin (Vitamin B12)

• Promotes metabolism of homocysteine, reducing hyperhomocysteinemia (injures blood vessel walls) when given with folic acid and pyridoxine.
• Required for nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis
• Required for cell methylation and reproduction
• Maintains sulfhydryl groups in reduced form required by enzymes for protein synthesis and carbohydrate and fat metabolism
• Required for folate metabolism
• Reduces risk of depression, memory loss, and muscle weakness

9. B-Complex

• Consists of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin/niacinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, folic acid, choline, APBA and inositol. The B vitamins work best as a group and assist the function of pyridoxine, folic acid and vitamin B12.

10. Lidocaine

• helps reduce the local pain of infusion

Chelation is gaining acceptance in conventional medicine as an adjunct treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. By removing unbound iron, copper, aluminum, zinc, etc. in the brain, which generate free radicals and contribute to the development of collagen and elastin cross linking by free radicals (as advanced glycation end products), chelation assists in blocking the factors that contribute to diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging.

In addition NIH is conducting a multicenter medical trial with EDTA chelation for atherosclerosis. Previous studies were flawed in that the ACAM protocol was not followed. There is also the need for the drip to be sufficiently slow and for the patient's blood to be checked through the week to insure that essential minerals are maintained within the normal range.

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